Counts Palatine of Lotharingia, 915–1085
Wigeric of Lotharingia, count of the Bidgau (abt. 915/916–922)
Godfrey, count of the Jülichgau (abt.940)
Hermann I of Lotharingia 945–994
Ezzo of Lotharingia 994–1034
Otto I of Lotharingia, 1034–1045 (Duke of Swabia 1045–1047)
Heinrich I of Lotharingia 1045–1061
Hermann II of Lotharingia 1061–1085 (between 1061–1064 in tutelage to Anno II, archbishop of Cologne)
Counts Palatine of the Rhine, 1085–1356
Heinrich II of Laach 1085–1095
Sigfried of Ballenstadt 1095–1113
Gottfried of Kalw 1113–1129
Wilhelm of Ballenstadt 1129–1139
Heinrich IV Jasomirgott 1139–1142
Hermann III of Stahleck 1142–1155
Konrad of Hohenstaufen 1156–1195
Heinrich V of Welf, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1195–1211 (1173-1227)
Heinrich VI of Welf , Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1211–1214
Ludwig I, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1214–1227
Otto II, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1227–1253
Ludwig II, Count Palatine of the Rhine, 1253–1294
Rudolf I 1294–1317
Adolf 1317–1327
Rudolf II 1327–1353
Rupprecht I 1353–1356
Electors Palatine, 1356–1803
Rupprecht I, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1356–1390
"RUPERT the First, sirnamed Rufus, was Prince Palatine Elector of the Rhine, after his brother's decease; he founded and erected the University of Heidelberg, in anno 1346. Having joined his forces with Lewis, the Elector of Brandenburg, he fought against a certain cousening miller, that had given himself out for Waldemar, Marquis of Brandenburg; he was by him vanquished and taken prisoner, and was released by the Emperor Charles with much difficulty. He had two wives, the first, Elisabeth of Namur, the second, Beatrix of Bergen, and had no issue by them; he died, in anno 1390, and was buried in Heustat." (Oldys & Malham, pp. 155-167)
Rupprecht II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1390–1398
"RUPERT the Second, sirnamed Durus, son to Adolph the Simple, succeeded his uncle Rupert in the Palatine Electorate of the Rhine. After the death of the Emperor, Charles the Fourth, having joined his forces with the other dukes of the house of Bavaria, he made war against the Emperor Vinceslaus, for that he detained certain towns and castles of North Bavaria, which his father had taken in pawn for his wife's portion; wherefore, at the commandment of the Emperor, he was pursued in open warfare, by those of Ragensburg, Augsburg, and divers other towns, lying on the Rhine, and, having fought against his enemies near unto Spires, he slew two hundred, took three hundred of them, and compelled the rest to fly into the same city. His country having been spoiled and burnt by some wicked and damnable persons, and having apprehended them, he caused to throw them into an hot furnace, being some forty in number; in the end he gave himself to peace and quietness, and renewed and increased the University of Heidelberg, so far, that it may seem that he was (as it were) the first founder thereof. He was a famous and renowned prince, both in peace and war; he died, in anno 1398, and was buried in Shoenau; he married Beatrix, daughter of Frederick, King of Sicily, of whom he begot Rupert, the Emperor. Anne, married to the Duke of Juliers and Bergen, Elisabeth married to Procopius, Marquis of Moravia."
Rupprecht III, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1398–1410
RUPERT the Third, Prince Elector of Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, was by the princes elected emperor at Bopart, in anno 1406, and sacred by the archbishop at Cologne, after that, Vinccslaus had been deposed from his government. Being very earnestly requested by the pope to make war against John Galeace, Duke of Milan, whose greatness he feared, he went into Italy; where, having fought in the country of Brescia, against the Duke, who was assisted by such as had not as yet made defection from Vinceslaus, he received an overthrow at his hands, and retired back again, not regarding the earnest suit of the Florentines, that intreated for his help and assistance, taking ship at Venice, and returned into Germany, where he spent the rest of his days in beautifying and adorning of the same. He was severe, of an high spirit and great courage, was expert in warfare, and a great justiciar ; being withal much addicted to the advanct-ment of the republick, and conserving of the same in her full integrity and glory. Thus, after he had ruled the empire very commendiibly nine years and (almost) nine months, he died at Oppenheim, the seventeenth of May, in anno 14]0, and was buried at Heidelberg, together with his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Frederick, Burgrave of Noremberg, he had six children by her, Rupert, sirnamed Pepin. Lewis, Prince Elector Palat. of the Rhine.John. Duke of Neuburg. Frederick of Amburg. Otho, Duke of Neumarckt, in Bavaria, and Mospach onthe Neckar. Stephen, Duke of Zwcibrugken and Obrinca."
LEWIS the Fourth, sirnamed Barbatus and Pius, succeeding his father in the electorate, a prince that was famous both in peace and in war. He was president or moderator of the council of Constance, in anno 1415, warred in the Holy Land, and assisted the order of Teutons, in Prussia, with some troops of soldiers which he brought unto them. He helped likewise the Earl of Vaudemont against those of Lorraine, by sending unto him a selected company of experimented warriors, who died all in the battle; the Frenchmen, that were on their side, having first begun to fly, and (as it were) betrayed them, in anno 1431. He learned the Greek tongue in his old age; because he had understood that the Emperor Sigismond had found great fault with the barbarous education of unlearned princes. Being very aged, and having waxed blind, he died in anno 1436, and was buried at Heidelberg. He had two wives, the first Blanche, daughter of Henry the Fourth, King of England; the second Mechtild, daughter of Lewis Earl of Piedmont and Savoy, and had by her three sons: Lewis, Prince Elector Palatine of the llhine. Frederick, tutor and administrator of the Palatine Electorate. Rupert, Archbishop of Cologne."
1436–1449: Ludwig IV
LEWIS the fifth, called the Younger and Virtuous, Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, being a religious and peaceable prince, a lover of justice, and very mild and affable withal, was much beloved for his singular virtues. He died in anno 1449, and was buried at Heidelberg: he married Margaret, daughter of Amadeus Duke of Savoy, and widow of Lewis, Duke of Anjou, married after his decease to Ulrick, Duke of Wirtemberg, and had, by her, Mechtild, married1 to Lewis, Duke of Wirlemberg. Philip, Prince Elector Palatine."
"FREDERICK the first, sirnamed Victorious, born the first of August, in anno 1425, was at first tutor and administrator to the young Prince Philip, his nephew, and afterwards, by adopting of him to his son, became Prince Elector Palatine; he was a most valiant and courageous prince, most constant and invincible at arms, and fought many dangerous combats; he secured his country from all foreign invasion, and purged the highways of robbers; he was a stout defender of the Imperial dignity and Majesty, against all the subtle and treacherous plots of the popes. He forced Ulrick, Duke of Wirtemberg, to leave off the unlawful suing for his wife's dowry, from Philip, his pupil, which he sought by arms; and afterwards being again invaded by the same prince, that was assisted by Charles, Marquis of Baden and one of his brethren, he vanquished them all in one battle, near unto Heidelberg, and took them prisoners, on the first of July, 1462; whom, after a little while, he set at liberty, for a great sum of money, being content with the honour of so famous a victory. He was never married; he died in anno 1476, of his age the fifty-first."
"PHILIP, born after his father Lewis the Younger's decease, and sirnamed Ingenuous, was prince palatine elector of the Rhine, after the death of Frederick the First; before the wars of Bavaria, he was a most potent, rich, and redoubted prince; but, having refused to make peace, upon very equitable conditions, which the Emperor Maximilian had offered to him, he was by him declared a rebel; and being left by the Frenchmen, that were the cause and instruments of this war, he lost a great part of his dominions, with many of his nobility and others, which were either slain in the battle, poisoned, or executed; he died in Anno 1508, and was buried at Heidelberg. He married Margaret, daughter of Lewis the Rich, Duke of Bavaria, and had twelve children by her, whose names be these: Lewis, Prince Elector of Palatine. Rupert the Virtuous. Frederick, sirnamed Pious, Prince Elector Palatine. Philip, Bishop of Freisingen. George, Bishop of Spires. Henry, Bishop of Utrecht and Worms. John, Bishop of Regensburg. Wolfgang, Duke of Newmarckt. Jimilia, married to George the First, Duke1 of Stetin and Pomerania, Helena, married to Henry, Duke of Meckelburg. Elisabeth, married to William the Younger, Landgrave of Hesse, and after his death to Philip the Second, Marquis of Baden.
The Fourth Daughter was an Abbess."
"LEWIS the Sixth, Prince Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria, &c. was a wise and prudent prince, and a great favourer of learning. Having most prudently pacified many tumults and discords, he waa called the Peaceable or Peace-maker. He lived fifty-five years and above, died in Anno 1544, and was buried at Heidelberg; he married Sybilla or Sidonia, Daughter of Albert the Fourth, Duke of Bavaria, but had no issue by her."
Friderich II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1544–1556
"FREDERICK the Second, brother to Lewis the Sixth, and sirnamed Pius, Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, born in December, in Anno 1482, excelling in many high and princely virtues, was much admired and praised of all men. He was so much inclined to pity and devotion, that, in Anno 15*6, he abolished and chaced Popery quite out of his dominions, and placed the true and sincere doctrine of Christian religion in place thereof. He loved his country and subjects so dearly, that he desired nothing so much as the good and prosperous estate of such as lived under him, and the safety of whole Germany. He was so much given to peace, that, during those domestick and cruel dissensions that were then, he spared neither cost, charges, labour, nor pains to attain thereto, and thereafter to enjoy the same : Not that he was not skilful and expert in warfare; seeing that by the states of the empire he was chosen general of the army, when the town of Vienna was besieged by the Turk, and by his nephew most valiantly defended and freed of all danger; but because he had learned by experience, how blessed and happy a thing peace was. He was, moreover, a great favourer and cherisher of all sorts of good learning, and learned men. In such great and weighty affairs of the empire as he meddled with, he proved wary and careful in enterprising, prudent in managing, and fortunate in the event and success. He died in Anno 1556, of his age the 74th. He married Dorothy, daughter of Christiern King of Denmark, and had no issue by her."
Otto Heinrich, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1556–1559
"OTHO Henry, Prince Elector Palatine, son to Rupert the Virtuous, and nephew to the elector Philip, born in April, in Anno 1502, succeeded his uncle in the Electoral Palatinate, which he had resigned over to him, while he was dying, in Anno 1556 ; and enjoyed the same scarce three years, but died at Heidelberg in Anno 1559, and was buried there also. A prince very commendable in his actions, a stout defender and advancer of true religion, an earnest lover of peace, and withal endued with wisdom and magnanimity. He married Susanna, one of the house of Bavaria, widow of Casimir, Marquis of Brandenburg, and had no children by her."
Frederick III, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1559–1576
"FREDERICK the Third, son of John Earl of Obrinca, Simmcren and Spanheim, the posterity of Lewis, sirnamed Pious, having here failed, succeeded by right descent to the Palatine Electorate. He was a peaceable prince, and a singular protector of the muses. He died in November, in Anno 1576, of his age the 62d. He married first Mary, daughter of Casimir, Marquis of Brandenburg, in Anno 1537; and afterwards jEmilia, daughter of the Earl of Newenar, and widow of Henry of Brederode, in Anno 1569, having no children by her. The first bore unto him these eleven: Albert, who died in his infancy. Lewis the Seventh, Prince Elector Palatine, &c. Elisabeth, married to John Frederick, Duke of Saxony. Herman-Lewis, Prince Palatine, who was drowned in the river at Bourges in France, John Casimir, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, &c. Tutor and Administrator of the Electorate. Susanna Dorothy, married to William, Duke of Saxony. Albert and Charles, who died in their infancy. Anne-Elisabeth, married to Philip the Second, Landgrave of Hesse. Cunnegunde Jacob, wife to John Earl of Nassaw, in Dillemberg. Christopher, Prince Palatine, slain in the Low-Countries."
Louis VI, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1576–1583
"LEWIS the Seventh, Prince Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria, Earl of Simmeren and Spanheim, born in July, in Anno 1539, was a very religious prince, of a sincere and unspotted life and conversation. He brought all ihe churches of the Palatinate to a most commendable and good order. He increased, with great liberality, the revenues of Heidelberg university, and maintained justice and peace with prudent dexterity and policy. He had two wives ; the first, Elisabeth, daughter of Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, by whom he had many children. The other Anne, daughter of the Earl of Emden. He died, in Anno 1583, of his age the 44th, and was buried at Heidelberg. These be th» names of his children : Anne Mary, married to Charles Prince of Summerland, &c.. Elisabeth, Dorothy, Frederick, and Philip, dead in their infancy. John, Frederick, Lewis, and Christian, dead in their childhood. Frederick the Fourth, Prince Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria, &c. Philip and Dorothy died in their first yean."
Friedrich IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1583–1610
"FREDERICK the Fourth, Prince Elector Palatine, Duke of Bavaria, &c. born in Anno 1574, after his father's decease, having lived nine years under the rule and government of John Casimir, his uncle and tutor, and being, at his death; in Anno 1592, of full age, succeeded his father in the electorate. He was a virtuous and religious prince, favoured learning much, and was very careful in ordering and settling the estate both of ecclesiastical and civil affairs throughout all his countries. He founded the town and castle of Manheim between the mouth of the Neckar and the Rhine, in Anno 1606, where before stood a mean village and fortress of that name, as a most strong bulwark, and sure defence, against all the assaults of whatsoever enemies. lie died in Anno l6ll, and was buried at Heidelberg. He married Louisa Juliana, daughter of William Prince of Orange, who liveth still, and had by her these children: Louisa-Juliana, married to John, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Zuneiburgh, and Administrator to Catharina Sophia. Frederick the Fifth, King of Bohemia, Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhine, &c. Elisabeth-Charlotta, married unto George, Elector of Brandenburg. Anna-Leonora, dead in her infancy. Lewis-William, dead within a few days after he was born. Maurice-Christian, dead in his tender age. Lewis-Philip, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, who hath allotted to him for his inheritance Lauterberg, &c."
Friedrich V, Elector Palatine of the Rhine, 1610–1623
"FREDERICK the Fifth, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, elector and arch-sewer of the sacred Roman empire, and, in vacancy of the same, vicar thereof, and one of the most noble order of the garter, born the sixteenth of August, 1596. After his father's decease, having lived for some little space, under the rule and government of his cousin, John, Prince Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Zuneiburgh, and administrator, took upon him the government of the Palatinate : A prince (for his age) surpassing far his predecessors, as being adorned with all singular and rare virtues, which are requisite in a true and perfect prince. He beautified the castle of Heidelberg with an huge and strong tower, and divers other reparations ; together with most pleasant, sumptuous, and admirable gardens, walks, waterworks, and other princely ornaments, for the most part cut out of the side of the mountain, where the castle standeth. He continued, with exceeding great cost, the building and fortification of the invincible fort of the town and castle of Manheim, founded by Frederick the Fourth, his father. He pacified the civil dissension of Worms, having sent four-thousand men of war into the city, for that purpose. Being assisted by the other princes of the union, he demolished and razed the new fortifications of the town of Udenheim, standing on the Rhine, which the Bishop of Spires had caused to be built, contrary to the privileges of the country. He was, for the great multitude of his heroical and princely virtues, by the general consent of the Bohemian states, elected King of Bohemia, and was crowned in Prague, the five-and-twentieth of October; and the Lady Elisabeth, his spouse, sole daughter of James, King of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, &c. the twenty-eighth of that same month, Anno. He was likewise received and acknowledged for Marquis of Moravia, Duke of Silesia, and Marquis of Lusatia, by all the states of those countries. About a year after, having lost a great battle, which the Emperor and the Duke of Bavaria won, not far from Prague, he was forced to leave Bohemia, and the neighbour-countries that belonged unto him, to his victorious enemy, which, within a few months after the same time, took possession of them all. Not long after these things were past, in the end he lost the Palatinate, with his whole inheritance, which the Emperor Ferdinand took from him unjustly, and gave the same to the Duke of Bavaria, that had helped him in all the wars of Bohemia, and the Palatinate. He lived to the year 1632 in Holland, and from thence went up unto the King of Sweden, hoping, through God's assistance, for to recover his country again; since the which he is departed this life. The names of his children were these: Prince Frederick-Henry, chosen King of Bohemia, born at Heidelberg, about midnight, the first of January, l6l4: He died the seventh of January, 1629, having newly entered into the fifteenth year of his age. Prince Charles-Lewis, born at Heidelberg, the twenty-secondof December, l6l7. Elisabeth,.born at Heidelberg, the twenty-sixth of December, 1618. Rupert, born at Prague, December the seventeenth, l6l9. Maurice, born at Custrin, the sixth of January, 1621. Louisa-Hollandina, born at the Hague, the twenty-eighth of April, 1622. Lewis, born at the Hague, the twenty-first of August, 1623;
and died in January, 1625. Edward, born at the Hague, the sixth of October, 1624. Henrietta, born at the Hague, the seventh of July, 1626. Philip, born at the Hague, the sixteenth of September, 1627. Charlotta, born at the Hague, the nineteenth of December, 1628: She died, the twenty-fourth of January, 1631. > Sophia, born at the Hague, the thirteenth of December, 1630.
Henry-Frederick, born at the Hague, February the third, 1631"
Henry-Frederick, born at the Hague, February the third, 1631"
Maximilian I of Bavaria 1623–1648
1716–1742: Karl III Philipp 1742–1799: Karl IV Theodor
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