OLDENBURG
History of Imperial County of Oldenburg.
The origin of the counts of Oldenburg lits involved in the darkness of antiquity. M. Falk carries them so far back as Hunold, who was a brother or relation of Widekind. But M. Meyer endeavours to derive the Oldenburg counts in another manner from Widekind. What is more to be depended on is, that Egilmar, or Eilmar, a Count ot Oldenburg, who lived in the beginning of the twelfth century, besides two other sons, begot Count Christian I. whose great-grandson's sons divided the country among themselves in such a manner that John XI. became possessed of Oldenburg, but Christian IV. of Delmenhorst; both which counties were first reunited under Theodorick the Fortunate, who obtained moreover, with his second consort, Heilwig, or Hedewig, sister and heiress to Adolphus VIII. the last Duke of Sleswick and Count of Holstein, the expectancy of the said dutchy and county. His eldest son, Christian, was in 1449 elected King of Denmark, -and afterwards Duke of Sleswick and Count of Holftein but Gerhard, his second son, propagated the race of the Oldenburg Counts. His grandson again, named Antony l. had the good fortune to recover Delmenhors, which Bishop Henry of Munster, as administrator of Bremen, had wrested from them. Of his two sons, John XVI. was created Count of Oldenburg, and, in the year 1575, inherited the seigniory of Jever, and, in 1592, the lordship of Kniphausen was also acknowledged as his; but Antony II. arranged to be Count of Delmenhorst. Frederick II. King of Denmark, and the duke of Holstein, applied for, and obtained, in the year 1565, of the Emperor Maximilian II.the expectancy of the counties of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, whenever Antony Gunther, son to John XVI. and his heirs should become extinct, being by the father's side descended of the house of Oldenburg. On such Imperial ratification were grounded the claims, which King Christian V. and Duke Christian Albrecht afterwards made to these counties, the last Count hereof, named Antony Gunther, dying in the year 1667 without male-heirs; for his natural son, Antony, whom he begot of Elizabeth von Ungnad, could not inherit these counties; whence his father pat him off with Kniphausen, &c. as shall be mentioned below •, and his sister Magdalene, consort to the son of Prince Rudolph of Anhalt-Zerbst, likewise was not to succeed to these counties, but was obliged to be content with the seigniory of Jever; consequently the counties fell, as male-fiefs of the Empire, to the house of Holstein and the posterity of Christian I. among whom however, on that' account, great disputes arose. King Frederick III. made an agreement, in the year 1648, with Duke Frederick, that they should divide the expected inheritance among them. The following year also, they came to an agreement at Rendsburg with Count Antony Gunther, which agreement was confirmed by the Emperor Ferdinand lll. in the year 1653, and in 1664. the Count even put them in the actual possession of his countries, a little while before his death declaring them in his testament feudal heirs ; but Duke Joachim Ernest, of Plon, commenced a suit upon this head with the reigning house of Holstein, and proved, that he had not only equal right with them but also a preference, as he was related to Christian I. in the fourth, but the King and the Duke of Holstein-Gottorf only in the fifth degree. King Christian V. therefore seeing that the thing was not to be won before the Imperial judicatory, came to an agreement, in the year 1671, with the. Duke of Plon, and for his share in the counties gave him an equivalent. With this agreement, indeed, Christian Albrecht, Duke of Holstein, was not satisfied; but the Duke of Plon won the suit, and was put in possession of the disputed inheritance, which he immediately ceded to the King, who caused homage to be done him in the counties. Ever since that time the King of Denmark have continued in quiet possession of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst." (Busching, pp. 442-443)
Rulers of Oldenburg.
a.k.a. Egilmar
Count of Oldenburg, 1101-1108
"From immemorial times the territory of Oldenburg was ruled by Grafs, who claimed descent from the Saxon chieftain Wittekind, but first appear in history in the person of Egilmar (1108). is domains were divided among his descendants, vassals oof Heinrich the Lion, Duke of Saxony, but were reunited under Dietrich the Fortunate, who in 1424 married Hedwig, a daughter of Gerhard VI, Duke of Sleswig-Holstein...." (The Gareteer of the World, p. 789)
Christian I
the Quarrelsome
Count of Oldenburg, 1143-1168
"Christian I founded the town of Oldenburg in 1155, and assumed the title of count." (SDUK, Vol. 15-16, p. 422)
1168-1211 Moritz
1211-1251 Christian II
1211-1262 Otto II
1251-1272 Johann IX
1272-1278 Christian III
1278-1305 Johann X
1305-1345 Johann XI
1386-1398 Christian IV
1386-1420 Moritz III
the Lucky
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1423-1440
"...Dietrich the Forunate obtained with his first wife the county of Delmenhorst, and with his second the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein.
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1440-1448
"...After the Dietrich's death in 1440, his eldest son, who had for his share Schleswig and Holstein, became in 1448 king od Denmark, by the title of Christian II, in 1450 king of Norway, and in 1458 king od Sweden.
Gerhard
the Quarrelsome, the Valiant, the Warlike
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1448-1483
"The ancestral lands of Oldenburg were turned over by Christian in 1458 to his brother Gerhard the Valiant." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1448-1483
"The ancestral lands of Oldenburg were turned over by Christian in 1458 to his brother Gerhard the Valiant." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
"...Dietrich's younger son Gerard the Warlike inherited Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, but the male line of this branch became extinct in 1667, the counties fell to the Danish crown, or to the house of Holstein, descended from Dietrich's eldest son...." (SDUK, Vols. 15-16, p. 422)
1483-1498 Adolf
1483-1526 Johann XIV
1488-1492 Christian VII
1526-1529 Johann XV
1526-1529 Georg
1526-1529 Christoph
1483-1498 Adolf
1483-1526 Johann XIV
1488-1492 Christian VII
1526-1529 Johann XV
1526-1529 Georg
1526-1529 Christoph
Anton I
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1529-1573
"Oldenburg fell to Dietrich's second son Gerhard, whose grandson Anton I (1526-73) introduced the Reformation, but remained true to Karl V in the Schmalkaldic war, and from him first received his grafschafts as formal imperial fiefs...." (The Gazetteer of the World, p. 789)
"...The Emperor Charles V gave Oldenburg as a fief to Count Anton I in 1531...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
1573-1603 Johann XVI
1573-1577 Anton II
Anton Gunther
"...The Emperor Charles V gave Oldenburg as a fief to Count Anton I in 1531...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
1573-1603 Johann XVI
1573-1577 Anton II
Anton Gunther
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, 1603-1667
"...The younger line expired with Anton Gunther, a wise and powerful ruler (1603-67)O, and for more than a century Oldenburg was governed by Danish viceroys...." (The Gazetteer of the World, p. 789)
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| Fredrik III of Denamrk |
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (Friedrich I), 1667-1670
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| Christian V of Denmark |
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (Christian VIII), 1670-1699
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| Fredrik IV of Denmark |
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (Friedrich II), 1699-1730.
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| Christian VI of Denmark |
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst (Christian IX), 1730-1746.
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| Fredrik V of Denmark |
Count of Oldenburg (Friedrich III), 1746-1766.
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| Christian VII of Denmark |
Count of Oldenburg, 1766-1773
"...The main line became extinct with the death of Count Anton Günther (1603-67). After lengthy quarrels over the succession, Christian V of Denmark became ruler of Oldenburg in 1676...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
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| Paul I of Russia |
Count of Oldenburg, 1773
"...In 1773, however, the Danish King Christian VII surrendered Oldenburg to the Grand Duke Paul of Russia, in consideration of the latter's renunciation of the sovereignty of Schleswig-Holstein...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
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| Friedrich August I of Oldenburg (1711-1785) |
Friedrich August I (1711-1785)
Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhourst, 1773-1774
1st Duke of Oldenburg, 1774-1785
"...Grand Duke Paul transferred the country, which was raised to a dukedom in 1777, to his cousin Frederick Augustus. The latter, who although a Protestant, was Prince-Bishop of Lübeck since 1750, added the territory of the former Catholic Bishopric of Lübeck to Oldenburg. ...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
"...In 1773 Christian VII ceded it to Paul Petrovitch, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and afterwards Paul I of Russia, and he in turn renounced his claims in favour of a cousin, Friedrich August (1773-85), of the younger Gottorp line. A year later the Emperor Josef II raised the grafschafts of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst to the duchy of Holstein-Oldenburg...." (The Gazetteer of the World, p. 789)
"...Because William, the son of Frederick Augustus, was insane, Peter, first cousin of Frederick Augustus, succeeded the latter in the administration of the dukedom...." (Catholic Encyclopedia: Oldenburg)
Wilhelm (1754-1823)
Duke of Oldenburg, 1785-1823
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| Peter I von Oldenburg (1755-1829) |
Peter I (1755-1829)
Regent of Oldenburg, 1785-1823
Prince-Bishop of Lubeck, 1785-1803
Duke of Oldenburg, 1823-1829
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| August von Oldenburg (1783-1853) |
August (1783-1853)
Grand Duke of Oldenburg, 1829-1853
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| Peter II von Oldenburg (1827-1900) |
Peter II (1827-1900)
Grand Duke of Oldenburg, 1853-1900
References.
References.
ORANGE
Territorial Development and Dynastic History.
793: Charlemagne gave William le Court-Nez (or Cornet) sovereignty over Orange
1033: Baux counts of Orange became fully independent with the break-up of the Kingdom of Arles
1150-1289: Division into 2 princely lines
1163: County of Orange given full independence by the Emperor Friedrich I
1173: Principality
?-1174: Passed to the House of Adhemar
?: Gerald Adhemar was the first prince of definite record
1174: Orange passed by marriage to Bertrand de Baux
1376: HRE Principality
1393: Passed to John of Chalons through his marriage to the sole heiress Marie de Baux
1432: Principality of Orange came into existence
1530: Passed to Rene of Chalons from his uncle, Philibert, who died without heirs
1544: Passed to William of Nassau-Dillenburg (the future William I the Silent) from his cousin, Rene of Chalons, who died childless.
1713: Ceded to France under the Treaty of Utrecht
Brief History.
"Orange was a small sovereign principality on the left bank of the Rhone north of Avignon... [I]t was a rich wine-growing district... From the twelfth century it was a fief of the counts of Provence, and hence of the Empire. But in 1393 the heiress to Orange, Marie de Baux, was given in marriage to the Burgundian Jean de Chalons: and it was their descendants who thereafter became the principality's absentee rulers. In 1431, when the count of Provence needed a ransom in a hurry, he agreed to sell off the Chalons' obligation to homage, thereby making them princes of Orange in their own right. As an independent enclave within the Kingdom of France, Orange attracted many Italian and Jewish merchants, and in the mid-sixteenth century it was fast become a Protestant bastion...." (Davies, p. 527)
References:
House of Orange
House of Orange-Nassau
Orange in Provence
Principality of Orange
Map of Principality of Orange
References:
House of Orange
House of Orange-Nassau
Orange in Provence
Principality of Orange
Map of Principality of Orange
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| Map of Orlamunde |
1340: "...After the death of the last count of Orlamunde in 1340, the Hohenzollerns acquired Kulmbach along with the Amter of Berneck, Gefrees, and Wirsberg. The Orlamunde inheritance--nearly all allodial land--formed the core of what came to be known as the Land Oberhalb des Gebirgs, or more simply, the Oberland...." (Smith, 2008, p. 11)
References.
County of Orlamunde
"Ortenburg-Neuortenburg was a minor county and Imperial State in present-day Lower Bavaria, Germany. It was located on the lands around Ortenburg Castle, about 10 km (6 mi) west of Passau. Though the Counts of Ortenburg - formerlyOrtenberg - emerged in the 12th century as a cadet branch of the Rhenish House of Sponheim (Spanheim) who then ruled over the Duchy of Carinthia, an affiliation with the Carinthian Ortenburger comital family is unverifiable.
"Though deeply in debt after numerous processes against the Wittelsbach dukes, Ortenburg-Neuortenburg retained its independence until in 1805 Count Joseph Charles Leopold finally sold it to Elector Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. The county was incorporated into the newly established Kingdom of Bavaria in the course of the Empire's dissolution in 1806." (Wapedia)
County of Orlamunde
ORTENBURG
Titles: Count of Ortenburg, Count and Lord of Tambach
Territorial Development and Dynastic History.
Territorial Development and Dynastic History.
1141: 1st use of "Count of Ortenburg"
1395: Partitioned into Ortenburg-Altortenburg (extinct 1446), Ortenburg-Dorfbach (extinct 1462) and Ortenburg-Neuortenburg
1417: Imperial estate
1418/19: Line of counts died out; passed to Counts oc Cilli
1500: Bavarian Circle
1805: Imperial County of Ortenburg
1805: Ceded to Bavaria
1395: Partitioned into Ortenburg-Altortenburg (extinct 1446), Ortenburg-Dorfbach (extinct 1462) and Ortenburg-Neuortenburg
1417: Imperial estate
1418/19: Line of counts died out; passed to Counts oc Cilli
1500: Bavarian Circle
1805: Imperial County of Ortenburg
1805: Ceded to Bavaria
"The first Count Rapoto I of Ortenburg was mentioned about 1134. Born at Kraiburg, the fourth son of Duke Engelbert II of Carinthia, he retained several Bavarian territories held by the Spanheimer family, while his elder brothers Ulric and Engelbert III succeeded their father in Carinthia and Istria. Rapoto had the Ortenburg Castle erected about 1120 whereafter he began to call himself a Graf von Ortenberg. When his brother Engelbert III died without heirs in 1173 he could unite a significant number of territories under his rule and confirmed his independence when the Bavarian ducal title passed to the House of Wittelsbach in 1180. After Otto VIII of Wittelsbach had assassinated the German king Philip of Swabia in 1208, Rapoto's son Count Rapoto II even held the office of a Count Palatine of Bavaria.
"Rapoto's II descendants however soon entered into fierce conflicts with the neighbouring Bishops of Passau and also with the mighty Austrian House of Babenberg. Upon the death of Count Rapoto III in 1248, his territories as well as the office of the Count Palatine again passed to the Wittelsbachs. The Ortenburg territory was further diminished by an ongoing inheritance conflict between Rapoto's III nephew Henry II and his brothers, of which the surviving Count Rapoto IV in 1275 could only retain the lands around Ortenburg Castle.
"Upon the death of Count Henry IV of Ortenburg in 1395, the county was partitioned into Ortenburg-Altortenburg, Ortenburg-Neuortenburg and Ortenburg-Dorfbach. The Neuortenburg branch again inherited the Altortenburg county in 1444 following the death of Etzel I and Dorfbach county in 1462 following the death of Count Alram II. Meanwhile the county had fallen under the influence of the Wittelsbach Bavaria-Landshut duchy, and also sided with Duke Albert IV of Bavaria-Munich in the 1503 Landshut War of Succession. Since the dynasty of the Counts of Celje had become extinct with the death of Count Ulrich II in 1456, the Ortenburg counts had claimed the Carinthian Grafschaft Ortenburg, but failed to prove any kinship apart from the name similarity.
"Under Count Joachim of Ortenburg-Neuortenburg, the state turned to Protestantism in 1563, fiercely opposed by Duke Albert V of Bavaria challenging Ortenburg's Imperial immediacy which however was confirmed by the Imperial Chamber Court in 1573. The county remained a Lutheran enclave within the mainly Catholic Bavarian lands and became a refuge for expellees during the Thirty Years' War.
Rulers of Ortenburg
Altortenburg
Intermediate division of Ortenburg (Bav.)
Ezelin I
1392-1419
Ezelin II
1419-1446
To Neuortenburg
Dorfbach
Elder division of Ortenburg (Bav.)
Alram III
d. 1392
Alram IV
1392-1443
To Neuortenburg
Neuortenburg
(normally "Ortenburg" after the 1450's)
Younger division of Ortenburg (Bav.)
1392-1416
Heinrich VI
1416-1443
Heinrich VII
1443-1451
Georg III
1451-1494 and...
Sebastian I
1451-1495 with...
Wolfgang
1494-1519 with...
Ulrich II
1495-1524
Sebastian II
1524-1559
Joachim
1559-1600
Heinrich X
1600-1603
Friedrich Casimir
1603-1658
Georg Meinhard
1658-1668
Christian
1668-1684
Georg Philipp
1684-1702
Johann Georg
1702-1725
Karl
1725-1776
Karl Albrecht
1776-1787
Joseph Karl Leopold
(?-1831)
Count of Ortenburg, 1787-1806
Lord of Tambach, 1805
Mediatized to Bavaria, 1806
Ortenburg (in Bayern)
SPANHEIM
Rapoto I
1142-1190
1190-1241
(1164-1231)
Count of Ortenburg, 1208-1231
Count of Kraiburg
Count Palatine in Bavaria
Separate branch established in Kärnten (Carinthia), 1220.
(1210-1248)
Count of Ortenburg, 1231-1248
Count Palatine in Bavaria, 1231-1248
Advocate ofSalzburg
1241-c1255
Rapoto IV of Murach
1241-1295
Diebold of Murach
1241-1285 and...
Gebhard
1241-1272
Heinrich III
1295-1360 with...
Alram I
1295-1375 ?
Heinrich V
1375 ?-1392
Partitioned between Dorfbach, Altortenburg, and Neuortenburg (Ortenburg, again, after the 1450's)
Ortenburg (in Kärnten)
Separate branch of Bavarian Ortenburg.
Heinrich II of Hungersbach
1220-1257 with...
Friedrich II
1256-1293
Meinhard I
1293-1328
Meinhard II
1328-1332
Otto IV
1332-1374
Friedrich III
1374-1420
CILLY
Hermann II of Zagor
Ban of Sclavonia, Croatia, & Dalmatia 1406
1420-1434
Friedrich II
1434-1454
Ulrich III
1454-1456
To Austria.
1456-1524
SALAMANCA
Gabriel
1524-1540
Ferdinand
1540-1570
Johann
1570-c. 1587
Johann Georg
c1587 ? -1640
WIDMANN
Christoph
(Cardinal 1647)
1640-1660
PORCIA
Giovanni (Prince Porcia 1662)
1660-1665
Giovanni Carlo
1665-1667
Francesco Antonio
(Count of Tettensee 1689)
1667-1698
Hieronymus Ascanio
1698-1709 d. 1712
Annibale Alfonso Emanuelle
1709-1738
Antonio Eusebio Eustacio
1738-1750
Alfonso Gabriele I
1750-1776
Giuseppe Giovanni Nepomuk Francesco Xaviero
1776-1785
Francesco Seraphino
1785-1827
Alfonso Gabriele II
1827-1835
Alfonso Seraphino
1835-1870's
Leopoldo
1870's-1878
Ferdinand
1878-1896
Ludovico
1896-1902
Aladar (Eleuterio Giovanni Guido)
1902- ?
References.
References.
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